PARAGRAPH,WORDS AND MEANINGS

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TOPIC OF THE DAY:-“Decolonising Chagos”

Britain must honour the ICJ opinion on returning the islands to Mauritius

The stunning opinion of the International Court of Justice in The Hague, that Britain’s continued administration of the Chagos archipelago is unlawful, is a landmark in the effort to decolonisethe Indian Ocean and return the islands to Mauritius. Britain’s reaction, however, waspredictable and disappointing. It said the ICJ’s is an advisory opinion it will examine, and stressed the security significance of the islands. Since the late-1960s, the U.S. has maintained a military base on one of them, Diego Garcia. In 2016, Britain extended the lease to the U.S. till 2036 even as it said it would return the islands to Mauritius when no longer needed for defence purposes. Mauritius has made it clear that it does not intend to jeopardise the future of the military base. The agreement to allow Britain to administer the Chagos islands came in 1965, three years before Mauritius gained independence. Mauritius says Britain had made it a pre-condition for independence. This was endorsed by the ICJ, which noted that given the imbalance between the two, the agreement did not amount to “freely expressed and genuine will”. It is a damningassessment of colonial legacies and the attempt by former colonial powers to justify or ignore theindefensible on the basis of ‘agreements’.

Britain has tried to block Mauritius’s claim to the islands at every stage, first by attempting to defeat a UN General Assembly vote in 2017 calling on the ICJ to deliver its opinion. When it lost this, London questioned the court’s jurisdiction and Mauritius’s version of how the deal had beenthrashed out. However, Mauritius has had many countries on its side, including India. In written and oral submissions before the court, India has insisted that historical facts were not with Britain’s interpretation and that its continued administration of the islands meant the process of decolonisation had not been completed. In an ideal world, Britain would be compelled to hand the islands to Mauritius. However, as the opinion against the construction of the separation wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory in 2003 demonstrates, ICJ advisories are not always acted on. At the very least, Britain should show it respects the court’s view and Mauritius’s sovereignty, and make significant concessions — starting with matters ranging from fishing rights to compensation for the Chagossians, who have suffered through all of this. The ICJ ‘opinion’ draws the line on what is expected from Britain for it to be a global nation in tune with the new world order. It announces that the world has moved on from passive acceptance of the injustices of empire.

MEANINGS AND WORDS

1) predictable

Meaning : able to be predicted(adj).

Synonyms : certain

Antonyms : improbable

Example : “the market is volatile and never predictable”

2) intend

Meaning : have (a course of action) as one’s purpose or intention; plan(v).

Synonyms : contemplate

Antonyms : disbelieve

Example : “the company intends to cut 400 jobs”

3) endorsed

Meaning : declare one’s public approval or support of.

Synonyms : approved

Antonyms : discouraged

Example : “the report was endorsed by the college”

4) damning

Meaning : (of a circumstance or piece of evidence) strongly suggesting guilt or error(adj).

Synonyms : incriminating

Example : “I was innocent but the evidence was damning”

5) assessment

Meaning : the action of assessing someone or something.

Synonyms : estimate

Example : “the assessment of educational needs”

6) thrashed

Meaning : beat (a person or animal) repeatedly and violently with a stick or whip(v).

Synonyms : crush

Antonyms : inspirit

Example : “she thrashed him across the head and shoulders”

7) interpretation

Meaning : the action of explaining the meaning of something(n).

Synonyms : analysis

Antonyms : complication

Example : “the interpretation of data”

8) concessions

Meaning : a thing that is granted, especially in response to demands(n).

Synonyms : permit

Antonyms : denial

Example : “the government was unwilling to make any further concessions”

9) sovereignty

Meaning : supreme power or authority(n).

Synonyms : dominance

Antonyms : submission

Example : “the sovereignty of Parliament”

10) insisted

Meaning : demand something forcefully, not accepting refusal(v).

Synonyms : assert

Antonyms : abandon

Example : “she insisted on carrying her own bag”

11) indefensible

Meaning : not justifiable by argument(adj).

Synonyms : untenable

Antonyms : defensible

Example : “this behaviour is morally indefensible”

12) colonise

Meaning : send settlers to (a place) and establish political control over it(v).

Synonyms : conquer

Antonyms : stay

Example : “the Greeks colonized Sicily and southern Italy”

13) determined

Meaning : having made a firm decision and being resolved not to change it(adj).

Synonyms : decisive

Antonyms : irresolute

Example : “Alina was determined to be heard”

14) restrained

Meaning : characterized by reserve or moderation; unemotional or dispassionate(adj).

Synonyms : discreet

Antonyms : extroverted

Example : “his restrained, gentlemanly voice”