Important Facts About “Bihar”
| Bihar | |
| Capital & Important Cities |
Patna Gaya, Muzaffarpur, Bhagalpur, Aurangabad, Buxar, Champaran (East, West) |
| Districts | 38 |
| Formed On |
1 April 1936 – Bihar remained a part of the Bengal Presidency of British India until 1912 when the province of Bihar and Orissa was carved out as a separate province. – Under the Government of India Act of 1935, the Division of Orissa became a separate province. – On November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand |
| Language | Hindi |
| Known As/For |
– Birthplace of Buddhism and Jainism – The capital state of Mauryan dynasty (Magadh) – Indian state with the least literacy rate – Bicameral legislature – Almost 58% of the people in Bihar are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state -The top litchi producing State in the country |
| Physical Characteristics |
The Bihar plain is divided into two unequal halves by the river Ganga which flows through the middle from west to east |
| Natural Vegetation |
Tropical moist deciduous, tropical dry deciduous, sun-tropical and temperate |
| Major Rivers |
– Ganga flowing from the Gangotri Glacier to the Bay of Bengal – Kosi flowing from Tribenighat, Nepal to the Ganga (Kursela, Bihar) – Gandak flowing from the Nhubine Glacier, Nepal to the Ganga (Sonepur) – Son originates near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh and joins the Ganga near Patna |
| Major Regional Festivals |
Navratri, chhath, teej, bihula, Vikram shila, Sasaram, Madhubani |
| Major Art Forms |
Jhumarnach, seraikella chhau, Patna Qalam, Patna School of Painting, Madhubani paintings |
| Industry | Cotton spinning mills, Sugar mills, Jute mills and Leather industry |
| Minerals | Limonite, Kaolin, Limestone, Mica, Fuller’s earth |
| Agriculture | Rice, wheat, maize, pulses, oilseeds, tobacco, jute, onions, chillies and potato |
| Geographical Indications |
Madhubani paintings, Sujini Embroidery Work, Khatwa, Bhagalpur Silk |
| State Animal | Ox |
| State Bird | Sparrow |
| State Flower | Marigold |
| Important Historical Sites |
Bodh Gaya, Caves in the Kaimur range, Lauriya-Nandan Garh in the district of West Champaran, Munger, Vaishali, Vikramshila, Golhar, Nalanda University ruins, Sonbhandar Caves |
| World Heritage Sites |
Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, Nalanda |
| Ramsar Sites | — |
| Biodiversity Hotspots |
— |
| Bird Sanctuaries |
Kanwar Lake BS |
| National Parks | Valmiki NP |
| Biosphere Reserve |
— |
| Wildlife Sanctuaries |
– Barela Jheel Salim Ali Bird WS – Bhimbandh WS -Gautam Budha WS -Kanwarjheel WS -Kaimur WS -Kusheshwar Asthan Bird WS -Nagi Dam WS -Nakti Dam WS -Pant (Rajgir) WS -Udaipur WS -Valmiki WS -Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin WS |
| Tiger Reserve |
Valmiki Tiger Reserve |
