Topic Of The Day:-“Proper protocol”
The revision of antibiotics classes by the World Health Organisation in its list of essential medicines is a welcome step in the global initiative to push back against antimicrobial resistance, the phenomenon of bacteria becoming resistant even to the most potent drugs. With a graded approach to the use of antibiotics, under which some medicines are reserved for the most resistant microbes, the WHO list can stop their misuse as broad-spectrum treatments. The Indian Council of Medical Research issued a warning two years ago, based on studies conducted in hospitals, that resistance to antibiotics was found in 50% of patients. A large number of infants were dying due to infections that did not respond to treatment. Antibiotics have had great success, extending the frontiers of medicine for over 70 years. But Alexander Fleming, who discovered the first antibiotic, himself foresaw the danger of relying too much on them. The revised WHO classification can mitigate the problem if the many issues associated with use of the drugs can be monitored and regulated. Within the realm of medical practice, the prescription of antibiotics is often guided by such factors as patient demand, competing alternative treatment systems, and even financial incentives. Close scrutiny of these by national stewardship programmes such as those initiated by the ICMR is needed. There are also environmental factors, including the widespread use of antibiotics on farm animals, that require more research to determine their role in building resistance. One of the key aspects of the WHO’s guidance is the availability of a first-line ‘access’ group of antibiotics at all times. Other drugs are placed under a ‘watch’ category as second choice, or as ‘reserve’ to be deployed as a last resort. Clearly, this system underscores the need for universal access to essential medicines both in the public health system and for patients cared for by private practitioners. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, which has promised health assurance for all, must come out with a framework to ensure this. Access to speedy and accurate diagnosis is equally important in order to deploy the correct antibiotic early. While the medical community can be sensitised to its responsibility to prevent antimicrobial resistance, it will take enlightened policies on housing, sanitation and hygiene education to prevent new infections and the spread of disease-causing organisms: hand-washing, for instance, is extremely beneficial. Drug-resistant microbes pose a serious challenge today to treat, among other things, pneumonia, infection of blood and surgical sites, and meningitis. The quest for new classes of drugs goes on. An effective response demands scrupulous adherence to prescription discipline of the kind advocated by the WHO. India has severe asymmetries in the delivery of health care: rural-vs-urban, and poor-vs affluent patients, to name just two. It will take good public health policies, sufficient funding and determined leadership to overcome antibiotic resistance.
MEANINGS AND WORDS
1) Cobble
Meaning: Roughly assemble or produce something from available parts or elements.
Example: The film was imperfectly cobbled together from two separate stories.
Synonyms: Devise, Contrive
Antonyms: Break, Destroy
2) Coalition
Meaning: A temporary alliance for combined action, especially of political parties forming a government.
Example: A coalition between Liberals and Conservatives.
Synonyms: Alliance, Union
Antonyms: Disunion, Disconnection
3) Elicited
Meaning: Evoke or draw out (a reaction, answer, or fact) from someone.
Example: I tried to elicit a smile from Joanna.
Synonyms: Obtain, Bring out
4) Sarcasm
Meaning: The use of irony to mock or convey contempt.
Example: She didn’t like the note of sarcasm in his voice.
Synonyms: Mockery, Ridicule
5) Laden
Meaning: Heavily loaded or weighed down.
Example: A tree laden with apples.
Synonyms: Loaded, Burdened
Antonyms: Empty
6) Pitfalls
Meaning: A hidden or unsuspected danger or difficulty.
Example: The pitfalls of buying goods at public auctions.
Synonyms: Hazard, Danger
7) Snap
Meaning: Break suddenly and completely, typically with a sharp cracking sound.
Example: Guitar strings kept snapping.
Synonyms: Split, Fracture
Antonyms: Hold
8) Brexit
Meaning: A term for the potential or hypothetical departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union.
Example: A Brexit is considered a real possibility for the first time in four decades.
9) Fizzle out
Meaning: To gradually end, often in a disappointing or weak way.
Example: They went to different universities and their relationship just fizzled out.
10) Swathe
Meaning: Wrap in several layers of fabric.
Example: His hands were swathed in bandages.
Synonyms: Wrap, Envelop
11) Tories
Meaning: (In the UK) a member or supporter of the Conservative Party.
Example: A poll showed the Tories thirteen points behind Labour.
12) Dementia
Meaning: A mental illness that causes someone to be unable to think clearly or to understand what is real and what is not real.
Example: A new study on age-related dementias.
Synonyms: Mental illness, Madness
13) Goof
Meaning: Behave in a silly way or playful way / make a mistake.
Example: They started goofing around in front of the cameras.
Synonyms: Miscalculation, Miscue
Antonyms: Correct, Succeed
14) Manifesto
Meaning: A public declaration of policy and aims, especially one issued before an election by a political party or candidate.
Example: He may fudge key issues in the Labour manifesto.
Synonyms: Platform, Programme
15) Dealt
Meaning: Have commercial relations with / cope with or control (a difficult person or situation).
Example: Life had dealt very harshly with her.
Synonyms: Treat, Handle
16) Helms
Meaning: Manage (an organization) / a position of leadership.
Example: The President is at the helm of the Ship of State.
Synonyms: Leadership, Guide
17) Nuances
Meaning: A subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound.
Example: He was familiar with the nuances of the local dialect.
Synonyms: Overtone, Variation
18) Broad-spectrum
Meaning: Denoting antibiotics, pesticides, etc. effective against a large variety of organisms.
Example: Pre-treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
19) Foresaw
Meaning: Be aware of beforehand; predict.
Example: We did not foresee any difficulties.
Synonyms: Anticipate, Predict
20) Relying
Meaning: Depend on with full trust or confidence.
Example: I know I can rely on your discretion.
Synonyms: Depend, Count
Antonyms: Distrust
21) Realm
Meaning: A field or domain of activity or interest.
Example: The realm of applied chemistry.
Synonyms: Domain, Sphere
22) Scrutiny
Meaning: Critical observation or examination.
Example: Every aspect of local government was placed under scrutiny.
Synonyms: Inspection, Survey
Antonyms: Glance, Cursory look.
23) Deployed
Meaning: Bring into effective action.
Example: Small states can often deploy resources more freely.
Synonyms: Utilize, Employ
24) Pose
Meaning: Behave affectedly in order to impress others.
Example: Some people like to drive kit cars, but most just like to pose in them.
Synonyms: Posture, Attitudinize
25) Meningitis
Meaning: A serious disease in which there is inflammation of the meninges, caused by viral or bacterial infection, and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity to light, and muscular rigidity.
26) Quest
Meaning: Search for something.
Example: They quest wisdom.
Synonyms: Search, Seek
27) Scrupulous
Meaning: (Of a person or process) careful, thorough, and extremely attentive to details.
Example: The research has been carried out with scrupulous attention to detail.
Synonyms: Careful, Honest
Antonyms: Dishonest, Careless
