Different forms of Indian Art and Culture
Music –
India has earned a special place in the world because of its musical repertoire. The basic notes of Svaracame from – Sadja, Rishava, Gandhara, Madhyam, Panchama, Dhaivata, Nishata which denotes Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni. There are two types of classical music:
- Hindustani Music
- The dhrupad is the ancient form of Hindustani music.
- It demands efforts from the lungs and vocal chords.
- Raja Pan Singh Tomar played a significant role in the development of Dhrupad.
- Some major dhrupad gharanas are Dagarvani, Bishnupur, Darbhanga Mallik, etc.
- Gharanas are the music dialects that are created by the masters.
- Carnatic/ Karnatak
- It demands efforts from vocals only.
- The three stages are ragam, tanam and pallavi.
- Kriti is the most popular form of Karnatak music.
Some famous personalities:
| Names | Accomplishments |
| Amir Khusrow | Musician at the court of Alauddin Khilji |
| Bhimsen Joshi | Famous classical singer & Bharat Ratna awardee |
| G.N. Balasubramaniam | Carnatic vocalist |
Musical Instruments
- Drums
- Trumpets
- Sankh
- Veena
- Tamboora
- Sarangi
- Dilruba
- Matki
- Jaltarang
- Indian Orchestra
Famous Personalities:
| Names | Instruments |
| Ali Akbar Khan, Amjad Ali Khan | Sarod |
| Bismillah Khan | Shehnai |
| Pt Hariprasad Chaurasia | Flute |
| L. Subramaniam: | Violin |
| Bundu Khan | Sarangi |
| Srinivas | Mandolin |
| P.Mani Iyer | Mridangam |
| Ravi Sankar | Sitar |
| Zakir Hussain | Tabla |
Folk Songs and Culture
Folk songs are generally related to nature, love, familial relation, religious festivals, cultures etc.
- Kashmir – Sufi, Ghazal, Choral music
- Punjab – Bhangra (dance-oriented)
- Chhattisgarh – Bhartari Gayan (story of a king)
- West Bengal – Baul (songs of love)
- Madhya Pradesh – Aalha (a heroic ballad)
- Rajasthan – Folk music related with specific castes.
- Gujrat – Dandiya (dance-oriented folk music)
- Maharashtra – Owi (sung during leisure time)
- Goa – Suvari (sung during a wedding)
- Tamil Nadu – Naatupura Paatu.
- Bihar – Sohar (performed during childbirth).
- Assam – Zikir (teaching of Islam).
- Arunachal Pradesh – Ja-Jin-Ja (sung during marriages).
- Manipur – Khongjom Parva (musical narration of the battle of Khongjom).
INDI POP
– Fusion music
– Started by Hariharan & Leslie Lewis.
– 1999 an album released by AR Rahman with Micheal Jackson (named – Ekam Satyam)
Some Indi-Pop singers are – Alisha Chinai, Daler Mehendi, Euphoria Band etc.
